Infant Mortality a Case Study Free Essays

Theresa Curtis Intro to Global Health Case Study: Infant Mortality Each year around 10 million children don't inhale quickly during childbirth, of which around 6 million require essential neonatal revival. The significant weight is in low-pay settings, where wellbeing framework ability to give neonatal revival is insufficient. A large number of these children bite the dust in light of the fact that their introduction to the world specialist or parental figure didn't have the foggiest idea about a basic procedure called neonatal revival. We will compose a custom article test on Newborn child Mortality: a Case Study or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Neonatal revival is significant in light of the fact that it is a strategy that can and will spare a baby’s life. Birth asphyxia is one of the main sources of baby mortality, cerebral paralysis and mental handicaps around the world. For this situation, we were approached to take a gander at the China Neonatal Resuscitation Program. For what reason is this program significant and for what reason was China the nation in the most need to have the program executed? The program is significant on the grounds that in excess of 20% of chinese youngsters kick the bucket from birth asphyxia. In China 17 million youngsters are brought into the world consistently. What's more, The possibility that kids need to bite the dust on the grounds that a medical attendant isn't prepared to revive the youngster is tragic. We, as americans are utilized to the enormous clinical focuses and if something happen we realize that our kid will be in acceptable hands. The Key players in carrying rescuscitation to china was the American Academy of pediatrics. The program was first presented in 1987 and it fizzled. I surmise at the time there was insufficient subsidizing and obviously when something new is presented in the clinical world, specialists or heads rush to acknowledge new methods. I think about every one of that kids that lost their lives since specialists and medical caretakers were not prepared to regulate CPR or mechanical ventilation. The Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine gave obstetricians and neonatologst. The Chinese Nursing Association gave medical attendants proficient instruction and preparing in revival. They additionally remembered maternity specialists for the preparation since birthing specialists don't utilize revival procedures during births. The Freedom of Breath Foundation of life Program was created to lessen newborn child death rates by guaranteeing there is at any rate one talented neonatal revival supplier at each conveyance. Following five years, that objective has been reached, nd in excess of 100,000 clinical experts from in excess of 20 regions have been prepared. In considers directed by the China Ministry of Health, birth asphyxia mortality declined by 53 percent in 360 medical clinics overviewed. (AAP. Organization) The fate of the program is different nations being acquainted with neonatal revival. In the event that the program worked for china than whose to state, it would not work f or different nations. I needed to research and find what different nations have actualized neonatal revival since China. There is a comparative program in Bangladesh. Before the program was actualized, the conventional method to revive was to hold the infant topsy turvy, slap the base or blow in the baby’s face. The main suctioning was of the mouth and nose. The primary boundaries to successful revival are absence of skilled staff and absence of straightforward hardware. Aga Khan University with UNICEF propelled a program to improve revival aptitudes of Physicians, Nurses, and Midwives. I trust that all nations can execute a neonatal revival program in the medical clinics yet in addition go out into the networks and offer the procedure with those that conceive an offspring at home. It is realized that numerous ladies don't go to clinical offices to conceive an offspring. Hence, there should be a medical attendant or birthing specialists that can go out into the town, network, to show the home medical attendant how to give appropriate revival. My five-year objective would be that all individuals realize how to oversee neonatal revival. Numerous kids are lost since they come out and they are not relaxing. Be that as it may, if more than one specialist knows the technique more youngsters can be spared. I would all clinical work force prepared and re-prepared at regular intervals. It is imperative to look after abilities. In numerous nations the dad isn't separated of the birth, and perhaps they ought to be. A male teacher can prepare and show the dad during a home birth how to revive if necessary. It very well may be the contrast among life and passing. Opportunity of Breath, Freedom of life |Helping babies inhale | |Designed to prepare birth specialists in creating nations in the area| |First to effectively carry neonatal revival to china, in a |of infant revival. | |systematic and manageable way. | |Was created to lessen the newborn child death rate by continually having a |Has a train the mentor approach. Train the medical attendants and maternity specialists in the| |person prepared and talented in neonatal revival at conveyance. |area of revival before they go into the clinic and train | |fellow medical caretakers and birthing specialists. | |Grew to national scale having 190 confirmed teachers and 44,000 |Trained 31 facilitators and 102 students. be that as it may, most of | |practitioners prepared |participants couldn't show authority of sack and veil ventilation| |The pace of birth asphyxia declined by in excess of a third. | |Providers’ abilities and certainty have expanded and more children are |Participants in a program for neonatal revival in | |surviving. The program is sparing lives and improving the strength of |resource-restricted settings exhibited high fulfillment | |women. | References www. aap. organization www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov www. jnj. com/offering breath-to-life www. unicef. organization/rosa/infant The most effective method to refer to Infant Mortality: a Case Study, Free Case study tests

Analysis of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Essays

Investigation of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Essays Investigation of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Paper Investigation of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Paper Elizabeth Barrett Browning composed the sonnet ‘Sonnets from the Portuguese XLIII’ not long after she ran off with Robert Browning and wedded him. ’ Sonnets from the Portuguese’ was an arrangement of sonnets that perusers thought more likely than not been interpretations from Portuguese yet were in reality all Brownings’ own work and were given this name, as her husband’s pet name for her was my little Portuguese. In light of this, unmistakably the sonnets were composed from her to her significant other. The sonnet is a petrarchan work which utilizes measured rhyming. The sonnet has an extremely female tone to it which can be recognized rapidly through the kind of word usage utilized ‘Being and perfect Grace’, ‘every day’s Most calm need,’. The sonnet starts with the persona posing an explanatory inquiry of ‘How do I love thee? ’ and afterward proceeds to respond to the inquiry herself by posting the various manners by which she cherishes her significant other. The principal way portrays love to the ‘depth’, ‘breadth’ and ‘height’ that the persona’s soul can reach. The utilization of significantly increasing is utilizing the spirit as a spatial similitude contrasting the spirit with a three dimensional physical item as everything known to man may be, which means the affection is genuine and ranges the estimation of the entire profundity and length of the universe. The utilization of significantly increasing could likewise recommend a type of reference to the blessed trinity taking the adoration to a physical as well as an otherworldly level, as she alludes to the spirit which is the body and soul injected. ‘when feeling far out For the parts of the bargains perfect grace,’ shows that the persona wants to the pith of her being as far as possible of presence. This alludes to the characteristic request and clarifying how her adoration arrives at all the path to the highest point of the chain, to God. The ‘ideal Grace’ being God’s endowment of salvation and the interminable love and joy felt in his quality. This is comparing the adoration for her better half to the affection she has for God. The utilization of enjambment in lines three and four adds extra accentuation to the proportion of how far the persona’s love expands. The utilization of rhyme with ‘feeling’ and ‘Being’ in these lines assists with tieing the sonnet together more firmly. The subsequent way portrays how she cherishes ‘to the degree of each day’s Most calm need, by sun and flame light. ’ The utilization of symbolism through ‘sun and flame light’ is very dynamic as they are various references to light, something that happens out of the physical world. This recommends an affection that experiences time and is on a similar level as her most essential human needs through day or night, for example, air. The third way ‘I love thee unreservedly, as men make progress toward Right;’ is depicting how she adores willingly, not through power, danger or commitment and how this affection is important to her joy similarly as it is that men endeavor uninhibitedly for right. The forward way ‘I love thee absolutely, as they abandon Praise. ’ depicts how her adoration isn't desire, it is absolutely love and not to get any commendation. The fifth way ‘with an enthusiasm put to use In my old griefs,’ recommends that she adores with a similar profundity of feeling as the sorrow she has felt from quite a while ago. The utilization of the word enthusiasm could likewise be a scriptural reference implying that she adores with such force that it looks like the enduring of Christ’s torturous killing. The anaphora of ‘I love thee’ rehashed in lines seven, eight and nine underlines by the structure of them that the sonnet is a rundown of adoring. The 6th way ‘with my childhood’s confidence. ’ Describes how she cherishes with trust and honesty and with the kind of visually impaired and undeniable confidence that existed within her when she was a kid. There is an inconspicuous chiasmus of sounds f and s on line ten which powers the peruser to articulate and push this line so it is probably going to be significant for Browning. The seventh way ‘with an adoration I appeared to lose With my lost holy people. ’ Is depicting how she thought she had lost this sentiment of unadulterated solid love with her lost friends and family who are presently in paradise however now she cherishes him in that equivalent way. It makes the affection increasingly practical. She has felt misery, outrage, misfortune and forlornness previously and this affects how she cherishes in the present. ‘lost saints’ is by all accounts balanced the similar sounding word usage of l, ‘love’, ‘lose’ lost’ and the sibilance of ‘seemed’, lose’ ‘saints’. The eighth way ‘with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life’ depicts how she adores him with the entirety of the satisfaction and misery that she’s ever felt and ever liable to and that she cherishes him with her very life and will until her final gasp. The last way ‘and, if God pick, I will however adore thee better in the afterlife. ’ Is stating that on the off chance that she is allowed to paradise after death and God permits her, her affection will proceed forever and considerably more prominent than at present as she will feel God’s adore and have that to feel for him just as her own adoration. This could be viewed as metaphor by certain perusers. The word’ love’ is utilized multiple times all through the sonnet. The way that the word ‘love’ is utilized and that there are no equivalents for adoration utilized, shows that the affection is reliable and constant and that the main thing the persona is worried about is unadulterated love. There is likewise reiteration of ‘I love thee’ which places accentuation on these words. There is bunches of sound similarity utilized of the long ‘e’ vowel sound in words, for example, ‘reach’, ‘feeling’, ‘Being’ and ‘ideal which appears to make the sonnet somewhat livelier and more splendid and helps us to remember ‘thee’ darling one. This alongside the redundancy of the ‘th’ ‘breadth’, ‘depth’, ‘thee’ just as words, for example, ‘freely’ and ‘purely’ help the sonnet to stream effectively and can be attracted out to make it last simply like the persona’s love. The sibilance all through the sonnet causes it to appear to be delicate and relieving and highlights the ladylike characteristics of the sonnet. The Octave in the sonnet is certain and draws analogies between the adoration for the persona and strict and political beliefs where as the sestet begins to make reference to pessimistic encounters and seems to draw analogies between the power of Browning’s own emotions when composing the sonnet and the force of affection that she felt before in her existence with the loss of her mom and siblings and likely the ongoing loss of her dad and siblings because of her new love with her better half Robert. On further perusing of the sonnet the peruser gets the feeling that in addition to the fact that this is a rundown of the various manners by which she cherishes yet additionally a pledge to her significant other. The last line ‘I will however adore thee better after death’ gives the inclination that she is making a guarantee to her significant other to cherish him until the end of time. This is probably going to have been on the grounds that Browning had been sick for the greater part of her life and had considered demise so needed her better half to realize that if she somehow happened to be gone, her adoration for him would continue.

How to Write Incredibly Effective Survey Questions

How to Write Incredibly Effective Survey Questions How often do you leap at an opportunity to do an online survey, with glee? Probably not that often especially if you run a business.Similarly to other people, you’re most likely trying to juggle life, work and everything in between. With the general survey response rate being 33% (typically much lower, depending on variables), it’s more probable that you’d swiftly opt out of the survey.With that in mind, you may wonder if you really can make someone interested enough to complete a survey for your business.This is a valid question that many business owners can struggle with; That, and how to make the survey useful enough to extract meaningful data for strategic planning.If you’re asking yourself similar things of a similar nature, the short answer is that you need to understand what questions are right for your survey, and exactly how to write them.WHY SURVEYS ARE IMPORTANT FOR BUSINESSESIt’s becoming clear that customers are increasingly getting fed up of surveys. Seth God win, former executive of dot com, stated that ‘Every [survey] question you ask is expensive (in terms of loyalty and goodwill).’But if this is the case, whats the point in even taking the risk to conduct a survey in the first place?Put simply, every strategic action a business takes must be driven by what the customers want. Research reveals that for every complaint made, there are 26 other unhappy customers who stay silent. Most of which will end up leaving, never to return. Source: Superoffice.comThat means surveys may be one of the few ways to engage your customers and find out what they really think before it’s too late.Therefore, it’s important to get a clear insight into their views on your products and services.Survey questionnaires facilitate this by collecting data in a structured way, that is useful for drawing analysis and making relevant, strategic decisions in line with findings.It also enables you to have visibility of your product’s strengths and the things that are working well; as well as its weaknesses, and your business’ potential blind spots. Ergo, you have an opportunity to create a solution.DEFINING CUSTOMER RESPONDENT GOALS TO DETERMINE THE SURVEY TYPEThis is how you don’t waste time creating surveys for the sake of it; But rather, ones that can genuinely help you make the right strategic decisions.It’s why Godwin also said “Don’t ask a question, unless you truly care about the answer”.The answers you obtain must really matter. To that end, the survey questions shouldn’t be a nuisance that serve no particular purpose.With that in mind, it’s crucial to align your survey with your customer journey.Your research goals and the stage your customers are at in their journey, will tell you the best type of survey to use. In turn, the survey type you choose will help you understand the right questions to ask.For instance Are they first time visitors, long-term customers, or a group of testers? Do you want to gather intelligence on what they think about your products and services, your content or simply the checkout flow?Define your goal to determine which type of survey is best, based on your customers and where they are in your sales cycle.Here are a few typical examples of customer touch points worth tracking, with relevant questions to ask.Current CustomersOpen ended questions:Describe yourself in one sentence.Why do you use our product/service? What problem does it help you resolve and how? What made you buy [the product]? What convinced you that it was a good decision?Did you hesitate before choosing us as a supplier? If so, why? Which other companies were the top-runners for you before deciding to opt with us?Did you encounter a particular frustration or problem when visiting our site?Anything else you would like to tell us? David Darmanin, CEO of HotJar, highlighted this handful of open ended questions as also being particularly insightful:Where did you hear about our service?If a friend were to ask you about us, what would you say/how would you describe us?If for some reason you were unable to continue using our products/services, what would you miss the most?If you could choose one thing to add to our service, what would it be? What’s that crucial thing you think we’re missing?What challenges do you handle everyday?Time is an important commodity that you’re asking people to give for your surveys.If you want them to answer more than three open ended questions , make sure you offer them some sort of incentive to make it worth their while.HotJar, for example, gave out an iPad as part of one of their incentives. Customers will be more responsive if you can offer some sort of gift card, or the chance to win something in a competition.Closed-ended questions:How do you feel about our organisation?I’m super happy with the service and would absolutely recommend it to a friend.It’s more or less sufficient for what I need, but I’d still be open to alternative suppliers.I’m not satisfied with my experience at all.The responses elicited at this stage will help you solidify your brand identity and value proposition. What’s more, as customers would eventually tire of having to write several paragraphs, this form of question can be beneficial in keeping them engaged.What initially led you to use our service?(Here, you would include a list of statements about your products or services   that describe specific values they provide, for the custo mers to select all that apply to them.)Engaged prospectsYou’ve managed to create a pool of potential customers who have demonstrated an interest in choosing your products and services. How can you use your survey questionnaire to get them to bite?In a podcast with Rand Fishkin CEO and Co-Founder of SEOmoz, Fishkin reveals his technique. His goal isn’t so much to automatically land the win, but rather, to gradually ingratiate prospects into the community. “I want them to get educated, I want them to have a great experience with Moz.”According to Rand, achieving this is a big win in the long run, because of the positive effect it will have on the overall customer lifetime value.Using this method, you warm up the potential customer with an array of free webinars, or other valuable content in the form of blogs or articles, etc.Then, the perfect opportunity has arisen to guide engaged prospects to a survey question, which will help them take the final steps toward your service:H as it crossed your mind to become our customer? Is there anything stopping you?The answers you receive at this stage of the pre-customer journey, will serve to better the pre-conversion on-boarding experience; Which in turn, will create more loyal customers.Recently convertedYou’ve won the customer. They took those final steps through your business proverbial door. Having just purchased from you, there’s now some positive momentum you can use with your new customer.You have an opportunity to squeeze in a few questions that will help polish your value proposition, and discover new ways to improve problem areas.Turnbull, CEO of Groove, gives a great demonstration of how to do this.Subject: You’re in ?? PLUS, a quick question…Hey [name],I really appreciate you joining us at [company], and I know you’ll love it when you see how easy it is to [do the job your product was hired to do].We built [product] to help businesses [reach a goal], and I hope that we can achieve that for y ou.If you wouldn’t mind, I’d love it if you answered one quick question: why did you sign up for [product]?I’m asking because knowing what made you sign up is really helpful for us in making sure that we’re delivering on what our users want. Just hit “reply” and let me know.Thanks,[Your name and company]Including a survey on your thank you page is also a great way to go, and is recommended by Brian Massey, founder of Conversion Sciences.According to Massey, because the customer would have just finished buying from you, they should still have a positive feeling towards your business. It’s in this position that they are most likely to help.Based on his experience, Massey also suggested analysis drawn at this stage of the customer journey, will enable you to discover ways to leverage your service and maximize business.One question in particular that worked for him, was centred on why the customer had chosen one of their products (a Lite automobile), over another (a Pro au tomobile). Asking this enabled him to identify that they needed to improve their messaging, in terms of highlighting the benefits of their products.A few other examples of good questions to ask at this point are:Why did you decide to sign up/purchase from us today?Was there something that nearly prevented you from signing up with us?Could you list the top three things about us or our products that made you decide to join?Could you list the top three things about us or our product that almost prevented you from joining?If there was something we could have done to help make your decision-making process easier, what would that be?User TestingAlthough user testing is typically used to understand user behaviour, there is also a lot of valuable insight you can gleam through running   post-test surveys.Once the participant has completed the desired actions on your website, follow up with a few questions while their impressions are still fresh:What was the worst thing about your experience? Which aspects of the experience could be improved?What did you like about the website?What other comments do you have?Churned customersInevitably, businesses won’t be able to retain all their customers and there will be some degree of churn. However, even in failure there’s still useful insights to be taken away. As churn is usually a big obstacle to business’ growth, getting to the roots of what causes it, is invaluable.Turnbull has another email template specifically for this scenario, which gets almost a 14% response rate, accompanied with a remarkable quality of feedback.Hey [name]I noticed that you didn’t upgrade your account. I completely understand that [the product] isn’t the best fit for everyone, and there are no hard feelings on my end ??But if you’re willing to answer, I have a quick question: what could we have done better to keep you as a customer?Just hit “reply” and let me know.Thanks! [Your name]Site VisitorsIt’s easy to predominantly focus on inve stigating data for past and current customers, but what about finding out about site visitors in real-time, through on-site surveys?According to Avinash Kaushik author, public speaker and entrepreneur there are the ‘three greatest ever questions’ for your visitors:What is the purpose of your visit to our website today?Alternative ways to phrase this could be:What led to you to be on our site today?What goal do you want to achieve on our site?Why have you visited us today?Were you able to complete your task today?If they weren’t able to complete their task, you can ask why this was the case. A few ways to phrase this could be:If you didn’t successfully complete your task, please tell us what happened.What problem did you experience which stopped you from completing your task?Is there anything we can do better to help you with your task on your next visit?A couple of additional questions are suggested by the founder of CXL, Peep Laja:What is stopping you from completing your purchase today?Are there any questions you’re not finding the answers to? (If they say “Yes,” ask which ones.)Experiment to see which one gets a better response rate for you.FORMULATING PRECISE AND ACCURATE QUESTIONSRegardless of the form of survey you choose, utilise the following techniques to write a simple and effective survey.Using these tips, you’ll be able to generate clear feedback which can then be turned into actionable steps for your business.Keep your language clear and straightforward.This will make it easier for respondents to understand quickly. Using convoluted words which may have multiple meanings, could confuse customers and require them to spend more time figuring out exactly what your question is. Additionally, ensure each question corresponds to just one thing.Ask precise questions to get precise answers.There may be several ways to interpret an idea, so making sure your questions are clearly defined will enable customers to answer you as such.For exam ple “how many days a week do you eat take-out?” would work better than “do you often get take-out?”Breakdown broad areas you want to explore, into bite size chunks.Take for instance, topics such as customer satisfaction, customer journey, etc. It’ll be much easier to navigate these by segmenting them into smaller questions which respondents can easily answer, in a way that’s useful for you.Create unbiased, non-leading questions.Essentially, the goal here is to not elicit a particular response.Our own biases and points of view can accidentally filter into the questions we write in a survey.Inevitably, there would therefore be a strong chance of respondents’ answers being influenced by this.It may subtly goad the respondents into answering the question in a particular way, consequently undermining the survey results.By way of illustration, take the following question:“Should the school employ crossing guards to protect our children?”This could elicit a very different response, as opposed to the one you may get from a similar, yet more carefully worded question:“Do you think the school should cut the gym budget to pay crossing guards?”Asking someone who knows you to take a look at your survey, is a good way of detecting whether there are any questions that subtly indicate the answers you want.If they’re able to predict what answers you’re looking for, it probably means you need to rephrase the question.KEEPING THE RESPONDENT ENGAGEDOnce you’ve taken these steps to build a survey packed with effective, insightful questions, you’ll obviously want people to actually participate in it.The following methods will help ensure a high-response rate for your survey.Short SurveyDouble check that your survey is short enough a survey which is too long will deter people from completing it.IncentiveOffer some sort of incentive to entice people into spending their time on the survey. 3 reasons people usually complete surveys tend to be because they want to be helpful, they’re particularly interested in the survey subject, or they want to receive an incentive.Research indicates that cash is particularly effective in this respect. Whilst it is not the only option, it is proven to have higher response rates than non-monetary incentives.That said, although money may increase the response rates, it’s worth noting that incentives are just one of many factors needed to engage respondents.Not taking this into account could lead to using an incentive which might not necessarily bear much difference on response rates. What’s more, it could alter the validity of your results.E.g. If a person only does a survey purely for the money, there’s a chance they might just complete it without actually giving the questions any thought.Progress BarShow a progress bar, so respondents have an idea of how much longer it will take for them to complete. Giving your customers an approximation the time required to fill your survey, will have a co nsiderably positive impact on your research. Their answers will be more accurate and will have had more thought put into them.Branded SurveyBrand your survey. Research shows that third-party emails will most likely lower a survey’s response rate. Instead, customers may interpret them to be spam or phishing emails.But if a customer knows and trusts the brand sending them an email, they’ll be more inclined to open it and do the survey.Whether or not the customer chooses to do the survey, at the very least, they will have a sense that the company cares about what the customer thinks. (Although, this is only if you act on the feedback received.)The brand would have demonstrated this by engaging with their customers to listen to their feedback; which in turn, builds more of a connection with them.Maintaining this connection is a great way to strengthen your brand, when the time arrives for the customer to decide whether to purchase from you.AnonymityConsider offering anonymity to you r respondents. People can be hesitant to state their true opinions especially if they’re negative.Although most companies doing these surveys are probably relatively professional, respondents can feel unease at the prospect of there being some sort of consequence if they speak their minds candidly.This can especially be the case for employees doing surveys for the workplace; or indeed, any situation where the nature of the survey and feedback can be considered as delicate.It’s in these instances, that giving respondents anonymity would be a useful tool to prevent them from being deterred by fear.In fact, it’s also a convenient way of ensuring you get frank and truthful responses. It will show you how your customers really feel about your business, and ultimately, what changes you need to make to improve your proposition.Writing an effective survey question goes beyond simply using the right language. It’s actually a combination of several different factors:Segmenting the cu stomers you have as well as site visitors, understanding their needs and typical behavior, defining your business goals in order to clarify your research focus, etc.The area that you feel is best to dedicate the most energy to, is dependent on your business.However, the underlying theme here is that simply asking the first questions which pop into your mind won’t suffice. It’s important to take the time to craft well thought out, engaging questions with a clear purpose.

Definitions And Classifications Of Language Learning...

Literature Review Definitions and Classifications of Language Learning Strategies â€Å"Strategy†, from the ancient Greek term strategia, refers to generalship or the art of war. In a more specific sense, strategy entails the optimal management of troops, ships or aircraft in a planned campaign. â€Å"Tactics† is different but related to strategies, which are tools to achieve the success of strategies. Moreover, the two expressions share some basic concepts: planning, competition, conscious manipulation and movement toward a goal. In nonmilitary settings, the concept of strategy has been applied to the non-adversarial situations, where it has come to mean a plan, step or an action is taken for achieving a specific objective (Oxford, 1990). Oxford (1990) stated ç ¬ ¬Ã¤ ºÅ'æÅ"Ÿï ¼Ë†2007 ï ¦Å½ 3 æÅ"ˆï ¼â€° 238 that strategies are particularly important for language learning â€Å"because they are tools for active, self-directed involvement, which is essential for developing communi cative competence† (p.1). Because of its significance, learning strategies have been extensively employed in the educational field. In defining the language learning strategy, â€Å"different researchers use different terms and different concepts† (Oxford Crookall, 1989, p.414); therefore, a great number of researchers have formulated their own definitions which will be discussed in the followings. Schemeck (1988) stated, strategy is â€Å"the implementation of a set of procedures (tactics) for accomplishing something† and learning strategy is â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedA Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition1660 Words   |  7 PagesA Study of Learning Strategies in L2 Acquisition 〠Abstract】With the concept of autonomy being part of the mainstream of research and practice within the field of language education, the study of learning strategies in L2 acquisition has drawn much attention. This paper discusses the issues covering the fundamental aspect: identification and classification of learning strategy. The problems are reviewed concerning the definition and classification of learning strategies and then the paper tentativelyRead MoreVocabulary Acquisition History And It Is Important1280 Words   |  6 Pagesis importance in learning a language Vocabulary learning is no longer the Cinderella of the field of second language acquisition (SLA) research. 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Examination Of Past And Present Ethical Guidelines On...

Eilidh Cowan Ethics of Biomedical Science Research Ioan Alexandru Beldean Examination of past and present ethical guidelines on biomedical research Ethics can be defined as a set of moral values informing one’s decisions. But this set of moral values can be influenced by many different things, such as various cultures, religions, and even technological advancements. This is called moral relativism, the idea that there are no real truths in ethics and what is right or wrong varies person by person. That is why before there was any codes or set of rules regarding what was ethical put in place, people were able to get away with doing all sorts of scientific research, that would now be deemed unethical. Biomedical research is to be done to eventually better the health of humans. Biomedical research has been going on for many years, it is how we have knowledge of many deadly diseases as well as the discovery of vaccines and antibiotics! These things seem so common today, but infact went through lots of stages of research to get to the technologies we have today. However, before 1947, there were no codes of ethics or regulations to ensure that research being done was ethical. The smallpox vaccination, although the first successful vaccine to ever be developed, would be considered highly unethical today. Edward Jenner experimented on a healthy young 8 year old boy without consent. In today’s society, this study would never have been allowed to continue. There are many otherShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation And The Early Greek Era1716 Words   |  7 PagesExperimentation has been dated as far back as to the Early Greek Era. This practice has been viewed as ethical by research scientists trying to find new medical breakthroughs. Yet, in recent year s, the use of animals in research and experimentation has been frowned upon by animal protection groups and animal rights activists. 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Miller V. Alabama - 1421 Words

Miller v. Alabama CJA/354 Miller v. Alabama The United States Supreme Court consists of eight associate justices and one chief justice who are petitioned more than 5,000 times a year to hear various cases (Before the Court in Miller V. Alabama, 2012). At its discretion, the Supreme Court selects which cases they choose to review. Some of the selected cases began in the state court system and others began in the federal court system. On June 25, 2012 the justices of the Supreme Court weighed in on the constitutionality of life without parole for juvenile offenders. The case was Miller v. Alabama and actually included another case, Jackson v Hobbs, as well (2012). Both were criminal cases involving 14 year old boys who were†¦show more content†¦The second component of a crime, mens reus, or criminal intent, was demonstrated by the following example. At one point Miller covered Cannon with a sheet and stated, â€Å"Cole, I am God, I’ve come to take your life† (2012, p.1) The third element of a crime, concur rence, was chronologically sequenced with Miller’s intent to commit the act followed by his commission of the criminal act. Kuntrell Jackson Kuntrell Jackson was also 14-years old in November 1999 when he and two other youths attempted to rob a video store and in the process shot and killed Laurie Troup (De Vogue, 2012). Jackson did not do the shooting but was an accomplice to the act; therefore, he received a sentence of life without parole (2012). As for mens reus and actus reus in Jackson’s case, Arkansas court conceded Jackson did not commit the homicidal act nor did he intend for the death of the store clerk occur; however, the State argued Jackson’s culpability rested with his reckless indifference to the value of human life (Supreme Court Rejects Mandatory Life Sentences Without Possibility of Parole for Juveniles, 2012). 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Agribusiness Trade Opportunities Between India And Australia Literatur

Question: Write a report about the agribusiness trade opportunities between india and australia literature review. Answer: Introduction The bilateral relationship about the agribusiness opportunities between India and Australia is growing stronger now.The trade opportunities have become more effective with the partnership between Australian Trade and Investment Commission with the Indian banking sector, like- YES bank. With the new investment opportunities in the agricultural sector, the Australian agribusiness has entered into the Indian food expertise sector. The research study is based on topic of recent agribusiness opportunities that have been developed between Australia and India (Alam, Mukhopadhya Islam, 2013). The agricultural goods trade opportunities between these two nations have gone beyond the agricultural products towards forestry as well as fisheries. The research study has been structured into several sections to analyse the previous research studies, explanation about the current study research process, the data collection technique, data analysis part and the findings which have been taken into con sideration from Indian Agriculture Council and its tie up with the Australian government, Australian Trade and Investment Commission, Food and Agribusiness Strategic Advisory Research of the banking sectors of India (Anderson Strutt, 2014). The Australian agribusiness sector is now contributing a lot towards the economy of India and it has a track record of magnetizing international investment towards the agricultural supply chain in India. The geographic isolation as well as monitoring regime of Indian agricultural sector and the Australian agribusiness is helping to preserve the reputation in terms of high quality production. Proximity to the Indian economy, the extensive free trade agreements (Ashoka et al., 2013). Literature Review Agribusiness is a vital industry for Australia and a huge sending out industry. 66% of Australia aggregate farming yield is traded. As indicated by DFAT and ABS measurements the accompanying is a diagram of current condition of farming fares: Significant agribusiness products CY2009 A$m Share of Rank Total Complete Agriculture (barring fish, ranger service and rubber)a 27,985 100.0% Beef 4,764 1 17.0% Wheat 4,756 2 17.0% Wine 2,297 3 8.2% Wool 1,809 4 6.5% Sheep and mutton 1,455 5 5.2% Creature feed 1,234 6 4.4% Live animals 1,152 7 4.1% Milk and cream 940 8 3.4% Barleyb 766 9 2.7% Covers up and skins (excl furskins) raw 764 10 2.7% Leafy foods new or dried (not incl oil nuts) 763 11 2.7% Vegetables, crisp or frozen 702 12 2.5% Cheddar and curd 701 13 2.5% Canola 678 14 2.4% Sugar 664 15 2.4% Consumable items and preparations 565 16 2.0% Cotton 537 17 1.9% Oat preparations 498 18 1.8% Malt 412 19 1.5% Creature fats and oils 272 20 1.0% Source: Agriculture.gov.au. (2016) Both the nations require a worldwide commitment to manage the purposes behind the present emergency and its repercussions in a way that accomplishes the interests of both created and creating nations; a worldwide commitment that goes past strategies, states of mind and interests in their tight national points of view so that this commitment will manage the general population's sustenance security more extensive a worldwide commitment that witnesses our joint endeavours on the national, provincial and global levels to contain this emergency and stop the mounting ascend in nourishment prices (Carrasco, 2013). Over the recent years an expanding number of researchers, market analysts and rural consultants have turned out to be progressively worried about rising issues of sustenance nourishment generation, nourishment supply and nourishment security (Chandler, 2014). Patterns and drivers that are adding to the worry over nourishment are: Expanding worldwide populace Changing climate designs and ecological effects which incorporate diminishment in access to water e.g. diminishment of precipitation and subterranean water and also proceeded with weakening and debasement of soil quality and number and seriousness of climate occasions, for example, surges, dry seasons etc. Interest for more creation of serious sustenance Changing buyer tastes, especially for natural, occasional Acceleration in requirement for more creation concentrated nourishments Rivalry for water rights/prerequisites cultivating versus ecological versus urban versus modern necessities and streams Developing urbanization of rustic ranges, and also less agriculturists, especially loss of littler ranches Agribusiness and subsequently sustenance and nourishment supply have various novel elements that impact the sector (Gounder, 2014). These issues include: Administrative approaches of fare and import confinements, sponsorships and nourishment standard strategies. It is important that the normal levies for agrarian products are more than 3 times higher than for non-rural merchandise some rural taxes are as high as 800%; Expenses of framework of sustenance logistics including capacity and transport; Effects of speculator theory; Remote trade instability; National expansion rates, especially in connection to sustenance costs; Rivalry (or deficiency in that department) in sustenance circulation and nourishment retailers; Hereditary qualities and rising hereditary advancements and the rights or generally to utilize them; Rising information costs for creation and sustenance supply; Worldwide full scale financial and market components including unpredictability, dangers; over reliance on single markets (Hellin et al.,2015). A case of this is the present condition of play amongst Australia and India with cows and meat. Most savants concur that later on as to sustenance security we will in all likelihood be confronting weakening worldwide conditions. Genuine sustenance security for any nation implies territorial nourishment security (Istvn Bharti, 2016). On the off chance that deficiencies do happen later on, and numerous financial experts and specialists are affirming they will, every country will nourish itself first. So Australia and its agrarian segments have some vital open doors, despite the difficulties illustrated previously. Asian nations wishing to shore up supply; Advancement and utilization of licensed innovation to enhance generation, diminish utilization of assets, upgrades in cultivating procedures; Growing new markets; Making esteem include items for specific markets which give better comes back to makers; Enhancing logistics and supply chains; Fabricating and repurposing transport foundation to enhance productivity, lessen expenses and waste; Exploiting interest for perfect, green, ecologically benevolen t sustenance, demonstrating region of nourishment and making purchaser marking around this; Enhanced handling of farming assets, decreasing waste, and expanding esteem include (Hine, 2015). From the report of Indian Agriculture Council, one thing is quite clear that there are some tax barriersassociated with the imports of agricultural products into Australia are low by world measures. Most of the Australian taxation policies related to agribusiness sector are connected at rates of somewhere around zero and 5 for every percentage. The basic normal connected tax for farming products is under 2 for each penny. Generally farming items are transported in obligation free. All Australian farming levy lines are bound under the WTO at rates from zero to 29 for each penny, and the normal bound levy rate is 4 for every penny. India's farming levies have been dynamically lessened in the course of recent years. Its current straightforward normal connected MFN levy for farming is 36 for every penny. There are elevated amounts of complementarity in horticultural exchange between the two nations (Ivey Davidson, 2015). These incorporate the capacity of Australia to meet residential de ficiencies in Indian generation, agricultural trade opportunities and the chance to exchange occasional things on a counter-seasonal premise, in both bearings (which would give shoppers access to high quality products of the soil at a lower value year round). Commonly favourable open doors in the horticultural exchange relationship are just prone to develop. Because of changing structure of interest, India is liable to end up a more general merchant of certain nourishment things, some of which Australia will be very much put to give, such as high-esteem dairy items (Kumarappan, Hostetler Angles, 2014). Likewise, as India's nourishment preparing part proceeds to grow and search for fare opportunities, Australian inputs conceivably encouraged under an FTA could turn into an inexorably vital piece of India's inventory network. There are limits, notwithstanding, to the degree to which Australia's agrarian merchandise fares to India could increment. Australia faces considerable limit li mitations because of the restricted accessibility of arable land and water. Australia has existing farming fare advertises that it should keep on servicing. Australian rural fares are likewise not prone to contend with subsistence agriculturists in India, and will probably target particular corner markets in urban high populace focuses (Mohsin, 2015). Agribusiness exchange is influenced by duties and comparable measures, as well as by the sterile furthermore, the SPC necessities that most nations have set up to control bothers and illness. On account of Australia and India, SPS necessities affect farming exchange. Australia's WTO plans contain two constrained tax rate quantities (TRQs) for farming items - chose cheeses and tobacco. The tobacco TRQ is no more compelling as the connected tax rate is zero. India keeps up bound tax rate quantities on things, for example, milk powder, maize, assault, colza or mustard oil, sunflower seed and safflower oil (Pray Nagarajan, 2012). In light of the integral way of Indian and Australian rural fares, exchange liberalization through a FTA which changed duty and non-tax obstructions, would bring noteworthy advantages to both nations. Such advantages would be comparable with the level of liberalization attempted. Be that as it may, due to the vital part of horticulture in both nations, the potential effects of more prominent liberalization would be completely talked about in the occasion FTA arrangements start (Purves, Niblock Sloan, 2015). Research Methodology The research methodology section describes about how the entire study has been done and about what is the main research approach which has been taken into consideration while studying about the agribusiness opportunities present there.Basically, the research approach revolves around secondary research method which includes in-depth study of the reports of bilateral policies and agribusiness opportunities in case of Australian Trade and Investment Commission as well as the Indian Agricultural Council (Raj, 2014). This study has also included the primary data analysis. The primary data analysis has been included in order to make the more realistic. The study has been done based on the positivism philosophy, deductive research approach and descriptive research design. The study has also maintained the ethical ground from the beginning to the end. Types of investigation The investigation during this study has been done by following a specific methodology as per the type and need of the research area. Among all the available research philosophies, this study has followed the positivism philosophy. Positivism philosophy has been chosen because this philosophy helps to conduct the study by following certain rules and regulations those prevent any vast changes in the variables of the study (Mackey and Gass 2015). At the same time, the positivism philosophy was also helpful in analyzing the data in quantitative techniques. The investigation in the study has also followed the deductive research approach because with the help of the deductive approach it was possible to get very specific result. Due to this, the deductive approach saves the time and cost of the researcher (Youssef and Youssef 2016). On the other side, the study has followed the descriptive research design and the reason behind this selection was ability of the descriptive design in conducting the study in a detailed manner. The descriptive research design follows the existing theories and literature for analyzing the data of the study. Data Collection The data collection part involves collecting more relevant information about the top agricultural export areas of Australia as well as India. Most of the information was taken from the government websites of Austrade, Queensland agribusiness departmental reports, the Australian Bureau of statistics, the agribusiness technological exchange contract and the reports etc. The ISAP report about the current opportunities in this sector in terms of empowering the rural agribusiness of India has also been taken into account while collecting data. Indian Society of Agribusiness Professionals and other illustrious members who are joined in this movement have also illustrated certain facts for which the deployment of ICT in this sector along with involvement of largely developed organisation, government and non-government organizations with the help of large-scale agribusiness opportunities and their perspectives towards this modern innovation of agricultural field have also been taken into con sideration while collecting the data (Serrano Pinilla, 2014). Secondary data is already available in books, magazines, academic literature, and government reports of both the nations that have been referred while collecting data for the research study. The journals, indexes and tertiary sources are also used here for the data collection part. All the published data has been taken from the different agribusiness publications of the local government and the central governments of both the nations while the agribusiness subsidiary organizations study was also considered here. Technical as well as trade journals of the Indian Agriculture Council and the Australian agribusiness government and non-government entities have been analysed. India and Australias top 10 agriculture exports to India 2008-09 (US$m) Source: (STARS database) The study has also collected the primary data for get better idea about the possibility of agribusiness trade between India and Australia. In order to collect the primary data, the face-to-face interview method has been followed. The interview has been taken from few farmers and businesspersons in Australia those are related to the agribusiness. Sampling technique and sample size In order to collect the primary data, the study has chosen some sample respondents from the population respondents. The sampling has been done by following the non-probability sampling technique. The approach for the interview was made to the 40 farmers and 30 businesspersons. However, among them, 20 farmers were ready to answer the questions during the interview and 10 businesspersons were ready for the same. Therefore, total sample size of the study was 30. Data Analysis First the authenticity of the chosen data collection materials has been done with the proper analysis of all the documents. For the data analysis part, auxiliary information investigation have been completed and then immediately contrasted with formal essential information social event and investigation works out. Where great auxiliary information is accessible, time sparing attitude has never been taken into utilization of accessible information as opposed to gathering essential information, consequently keeping away from duplication of exertion (Sekhar, Prahadeeswaran Nagaraj, 2015). Using auxiliary information gives a moderately minimal effort method for contrasting the level of prosperity of various political units. Notwithstanding, the information accumulation techniques shift, which may impede the likeness of the information have been considered here while doing the data analysis of the agribusiness opportunities present in between India and Australia. Depending on the level o f information disaggregation, auxiliary information investigation fits pattern investigation as it offers a moderately simple approach to screen change over time. It illuminates and supplements essential information accumulation, sparing time and assets regularly connected with over-gathering essential information (Yogesh Chandrashekar, 2014). Persons with constrained examination preparing or specialized aptitude can be prepared to lead an optional information survey. In order to analyze the primary data, the study has followed the quantitative as well as qualitative techniques of data analysis. The quantitative data analysis technique has been followed for analyzing the data those were collected by interviewing the farmers. This was because the questions those had been asked to the farmers during interview, were the close ended questions and so the analysis of the data could be analyzed by following the quantitative technique. On the other side, the data those were collected by interviewing the businesspersons were analyzed by following the qualitative data analyzing technique. Ethical consideration Ethics is one of the main parts in a research project. Maintenance of ethics during the study is essential or mandatory (Flick 2015). During the research, the researcher has taken some steps in order to avoid the ethical issues. First of all, the researcher has taken the permission for conducting the study from the appropriate authority before starting the project. After that, the researcher has taken special care at the time of collecting the primary as well as the secondary data. In case of secondary data, the researcher searched the data from the relevant and valid sources. In case of collecting the primary data, the researcher has maintained the confidentiality of the research participants. Timeframe Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Literature review Gap identification Research aim, objectives and questions determination Primary data collection Data analysis Result finding Draft submission Findings and Discussion This part of the study states about the findings and analysis of the primary data those has been collected during the study. The data has been analyzed by qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The farming segment represented just 2.9% of Australia's GDP growth which has been calculated in 2009, however due to a limited extent to Australia's qualities as an effective, minimal effort what's more, creative maker of agrarian items, it contributed a bigger extent of Australia's fares 14% of the aggregate merchandise comes from export. Around 66% of Australia's all out farming creation is traded. Roughly 1% of Australia's agricultural exportsalways go to India, well underneath India's offer of aggregate Australian products trades. Exchange amongst Australia and India in agricultural items, including forestry service and fisheries items, is unobtrusive with respect to different divisions. Two way agrarian exchange trade amongst India and Australia has reached up to 456 million US dollars by the end of 2009. By the by, India's agrarian fares to Australia became expanded by a yearly normal of 15% in the course of the most recent 5 years to 2008-09. India's worldwide fares of agribusiness have expanded by 25%each year over the previous five years from 2008. Australia's export rate of agricultural products to India has expanded somewhat in the course of recent years (Pray Nagarajan, 2012). Main Indian agribusiness fares to Australia include tea, rice, cashew nuts and tobacco. Australia's main export involve agribusiness products to India incorporate wooland it is well-known that Australia is considered as the biggest supplier to India, chickpeas, almonds, wheat etc. The number ofwine exports is gradually increasin g and this fact points towards the discussion of expanding opportunities between Australia to India in case of agribusiness, and represented fifteenpercent for every penny of India's aggregate wine imports. India is the world's third-biggest agrarian maker. Farming makes up a critical extent of Indian GDP, 17 for every penny of aggregate creation in 2008, however this has beendeclining in essentialness - in 1990-91 it constituted 29 for every penny of aggregate creation. Around 60 per penny of India's populace keeps on depending straightforwardly or in a roundabout way on the agrarian part. India's rural fares have developed in worth terms significantly since 2003. They, be that as it may, have been declining as an extent of aggregate stock fares, from around 14 for each penny in 2000-01 to 10 for each penny in 2005-06. India's imports of farming items are low in relative terms (Serrano Pinilla, 2014). They tumbled from 7.6 for each penny of aggregate stock imports in 2000-2001 to underneath 5 for each penny in 2005-06. The higher costs have had a hosing impact on deals past 2008, particularly in business sectors where substitution or augmentation with less costly fixings is conceivable. The worldwide business sector changes have additionally influenced costs at agriculturists level, where flightiness of offering cost and related pay have prompted discontent and vulnerability among agriculturists with respect to the development of their exercises and interest in expanding creation. The agricultural material is verging on substitutable and the cost reflects just nature of the item and most essentially the certainty and trust. At town level authorities/purchasers are regularly autonomous and not immediate agents of bigger organizations. At this level the authorities/purchasers are occupied with built up a decent exchanging association with agriculturists (Yogesh Chandrashekar, 2014). They would regularly give credits to secure an all the more long haul relationship particularly with dependable ranche rs who produce quality item. The structure of these connections depends on trust with the greatest difficulties being to ensure the normality and nature of the supply. While creation organizations want to expand limit they are premier dependent on distinguishing solid suppliers of crude material. The present business sector chain underscores fare of agribusiness items. It is principally in light of a system of makers, authorities and brokers with dominant part of the ocean growth being traded preceding quality including change. The new government arrangement for the improvement to the sub-part is intending to make the conditions for quality to add Australian and Indian sources. It is urging private area to build up the fundamental specialized ability to make arrangements and finished agricultural items to fulfil both residential and abroad market needs (Sekhar, Prahadeeswaran Nagaraj, 2015). Such change of the quality chain would open-up worth including opportunities both at makers and processors levels relying upon the accessibility of venture capital, know-how and business sector linkages which can create between essential processors and arrangement suppliers further up the chain. The take a stab at national preparing and esteem including is be that as it may, exceptionall y subject to the new linkages to be manufactured amongst exporters and outside business sectors, who will require to be prepared to begin exchanging building squares and arrangements as opposed to products. Quantitative data analysis Questionnaire to the 20 farmers in Australia Q1. What is the age group that you belong form? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Between 18 years to 25 years 20% 4 20 Between 26 to 45 years 55% 11 20 Above 45 years 25% 5 20 Table: Age group of the respondents Findings The above table and graph is showing that the percentage of the farmers those belong from the age group between 26 to 45 is highest that is 55%. At the same time, the percentage of the farmers those are above the age group of 45 years is 25% and the rest that is 20% belongs from the age group between 18 years to 25 years. Analysis The above table is disclosing the fact that most of the farmers in Australia belong from the age group between 26 years to 45 years. This indicates that most of the farmers are young. This actually denotes that there are more chances of introducing the agribusiness trade between India and Australia. This is because generally the young people are more willing to take risk of involving into the export business. Therefore, the age group of the Australian farmers indicates that the possibility of the agribusiness trade between India and Australia is more. Q2. How long you are engaged with farming? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents From 1 to 3 years 15% 3 20 From 3 to 7 years 45% 9 20 From 7 to 10 years 30% 6 20 More than 10 years 10% 2 20 Table: Duration of the farmers engaged with farming Findings The table and diagram shown above are indicating that most of the farmers in Australia are engaged with the farming activities for 3 to 7 years and the percentage is 45%. 30% farmers were there those are engaged in the farming activities for 7 to 10 years and the percentage of the farmers those are engaged with farming for 1 to 3 years were 15%. The rest 10% of the customers were there those are engaged with farming for more than 10 years. Analysis The above table is disclosing that most of the farmers in Australia are engaged in the farming business for 3 to 7 years. Some farmers are also there those are engaged in the farming business for 7 to 10 years. However, the percentages of the farmers those are engaged in the farming business for 1 to 3 years or more than 10 years are low. This type of result indicates that most o the farmers in Australia are experienced enough to be engaged in the export business or agribusiness trade with India. Therefore, from this point of view, it can be said that the chance of agribusiness trade between India and Australia is high. Q3. Do you export your agro-products outside the country? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Yes 55% 11 20 No 45% 9 20 Table: Responses of the participants regarding the export business for agro-products Findings The above table and diagram are showing that there are % of the farers in Australia, those are presently exporting their agro-products to the countries outside Australia. However, 45% farmers are also there, those are not presently related with the export of agro-products outside the country that is Australia. Analysis The above table is stating that most of the respondents in the interview or most of the farmers in Australia are engaged in the export business. This indicates that the farmers in Australia are very much aware of the export import business of agricultural products. This means if the agribusiness trade takes place between India and Australia, then a certain portion of farmers will be agreed to take part into that business or trade. However, the above table is also disclosing the fact that the difference between the responses of farmers those are engaged in export agro-business and those are not, is not very high. This means there are also some farmers those are still not aware of the profitability of the import export business in agricultural products. Therefore, in order to start the agribusiness trade between India and Australia, it is important to make all the farmers aware regarding the agribusiness trade. Q4. Do you agree to export your products to India? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Yes 70% 14 20 No 30% 6 20 Table: Farmers willingness towards exporting the products to India Findings The above-mentioned table and graph were disclosing the fact that percentage of the farmers in Australia those are willing to export their products to India was 70%. On the other side, 30% of the farmers in Australia were there those were not interested in the same. Analysis The findings in the above table are indicating that maximum number of the farmers in Australia is willing to export their products in India. This denotes that if the governments of the two countries take initiatives for agribusiness trade, then it can be a successful business for both the countries. If the farmers get support from the governments of the countries like, easy rules and regulations, export import policies, subsidies, then it will be easier for the farmers to get involved in the agribusiness trade. However, the support is needed from the governments of both the countries that are India and Australia. The literature review of this study also identified that in Australia the barriers related to the import tax are low than the other countries. This indicates that Australian government has started to take necessary steps for the enhancement of the agribusiness trade. Therefore, for the agribusiness trade between India and Australia, the Indian government also needs to take some policies like Australian government. Q5. What is the main problem that you think may arise if the trade is done between India and Australia? Options Percentage of respondents Numbers of respondent Total respondents Strict and conservative policies of Indian government 30% 6 20 Strict and conservative policies of Australian government 10% 2 20 Political relationship between the countries 20% 4 20 Political instability in the countries 15% 3 20 Higher price of imported products 25% 5 20 Table: Opinion of the respondents regarding the possible problems in agribusiness trade Findings The findings in the above table and diagram are stated that according to 30% of the Australian farmers believe that the main barrier that may arise during the agribusiness trade between India and Australia is the strict and conservative policies of Indian government. However, there are 25% of the Australian farmers those believe that the higher price of the imported products will be the main problem. 20% believe that political relationship between the two countries may create problem and 15% believe that internal political instability can be a big problem. Rest 10% thinks that strict and conservative policies of Australian government can be a problem for the agribusiness trade. Analysis The above findings are indicating that as per the Australian farmers, many types of problems are there those may hamper the agribusiness trade between India and Australia. As the farmers belong from Australia, they believe that the policies of Indian government can be strict and conservative. However, many of them believe that as the products will be imported and exported, the cost will be higher and due to that, the prices of the products will also be higher. Due to the higher prices, the people of both the countries will mostly prefer the domestic products those are low priced. Therefore, this will decrease the sale of the imported products. Therefore, from the above discussion and analysis, it can be said that in order to conduct the agribusiness trade between Australia and India, care must be taken for the above-mentioned five problems. Q6. Which product do you think will be beneficial for agribusiness trade between India and Australia? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Mangoes 35% 7 20 Fruits and Nuts 30% 6 20 Canola crops 15% 3 20 Lupins Crops 20% 4 20 Table: opinions on benefits of agribusiness products between India and Australia Findings: The table and the diagram represent the highest percentage in the mango products 35 %, which would be beneficial for agribusiness trade between India and Australia. Other beneficial products that are beneficial for the trade are fruits and nuts with 30%, Canola crops and Lupins crops with 15% and 20% respectively. Analysis: The results of the assessment of the respondents in an interview for the products that would be beneficial for agribusiness trade between India and Australia shows that the maximum respondents are in favour for the product mangoes. Other fruit and nut products as well as crops like Canola and Lupins responded by the users during the assessment interview. As mangoes are the seasonal fruits and available in wide variety, it is the most saleable product worldwide. Further, few varieties of mango product in India are being produced whereas upon the survey it has been found that the consumers in India are keen to consume all varieties of mangoes. Hence, trading of mango fruit will be most beneficial for both the nations in terms of agricultural trade. Moreover, apart from mangoes there are certain other fruits and nuts as well as oil seed crops that are not cultivated in India but in Australia as presented in the graph. Trading of these products will also fetch benefit in agricultural sec tor for both the regions. Q7. How far do you believe that export of mangoes to India will be profitable? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Strongly believe 40% 8 20 Believe 25% 5 20 Neutral 10% 2 20 Disbelieve 15% 3 20 Strongly disbelieve 10% 2 20 Table: Opinions on profitability on export of mangoes to India Figure: Opinions on profitability on export of mangoes to India Findings: The above findings in context to the profitability on export of mangoes to India discloses the fact the Strongly believe and believe respondents are 40% and 25% respectively while the percentage of respondent who disbelieve and strongly disbelieve are 15% and 10% respectively and neutral respondents 10%. Analysis: The result of the survey indicates that most of the respondents believe that the export of mango products to India will be profitable for the agricultural sector in Australia with around 40% of the respondents strongly believe with the trading of mangoes in India. Further, on the survey upon reasons for such belief it was found that there are certain specific varieties of mangoes that are not cultivated in India. Apart from that, Indian consumers were found to be extremely fond of mango fruit hence; exporting of that unavailable variety in India would be profitable for both the countries. Additionally, the season of mango consumption are different between two countries, India mango is consumed between March to July while in Australia the season is November to March, which represents that if mangoes are exported in India during the offseason it will be profitable for the Australian territory. Q8. How far do you agree that Australia has better opportunities in agricultural sector? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Strongly agree 30% 6 20 Agree 25% 5 20 Neutral 5% 1 20 Disagree 20% 4 20 Strongly disagree 20% 4 20 Table: Assessment of better opportunity of agricultural sector in Australia Findings: In the assessment of Australian opportunities in the sector of agriculture the findings shows the average percentage of respondents for both positive and negative results. 30% and 25% of the respondents strongly agree and agree that there Australia has better opportunity in the agricultural sector while 20% of the respondents disagree and strongly disagree that there is no better opportunity and 5% of the respondents are neutral about the decision. Analysis: Upon the findings, it can be analyzed that the respondents highly believe the availability of better opportunity in Australian territory in agricultural sector. This can be said in context to the available advanced technologies for the cultivation in Australia as well as in context to organic products. In the Australian region, use of pesticides in the agricultural products is minimal as the people are more health conscious and believe in organic products. On the other hand, cultivation in India is at lower cost compared to that in Australia with good quality products hence, there is an opportunity for the farmers to get training and adopt the technology so that the cost of production can be reduced. Q9. How far do you believe that Australia needs to improve its agribusiness trade? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Strongly believe 20% 4 20 Believe 30% 6 20 Neutral 10% 2 20 Disbelieve 25% 5 20 Strongly disbelieve 15% 3 20 Table: Assessment on the improvement of agribusiness trade in Australia Analysis Findings: The results showing that 30% of the respondents believe that improvement is required in the Australian agribusiness and 20% strongly believe about the same. Whereas, 25% of the respondents disbelieve and 15% strongly disbelieve about the fact while 10% are neutral about the fact of improvement in the agricultural sector. Analysis: The above data implies the maximum number of respondents believe that the Australian territory is required to improve its agribusiness trade so that there is scope of increase in agricultural trade as well as the profitability of the agribusiness is increased. However, certain respondents also believe that the Australian agribusiness does not require improvement in the sector. This is bit controversial argument because at present the agricultural sector is facing little challenges in context to fisheries, forestry, and rubber while some of the sector like beef, dairy, wine, cotton is the major export products of the Australian agricultural sector. Whereas in context to agribusiness trading in India, Australian agriculture is required to focus on organic food products and dairy products cultivation for which it needs improvement. Further, it has been observed that the Australian agricultural sector is an important part of the economy of Australia and hence, the agribusiness trade shou ld be improved. Q10. How far do you agree that agribusiness trade with India will help Australia to improve its agricultural sector? Options Percentage of respondents Number of Respondents Total respondents Strongly agree 25% 5 20 Agree 35% 7 20 Neutral 10% 2 20 Disagree 15% 3 20 Strongly disagree 15% 3 20 Table: Opinions on the improvement of agricultural sector in Australia with the agribusiness trade in India Findings: The above table shows 35% of the respondents agree that the agribusiness trade with India will help the Australian agribusiness to improve whereas 25% strongly agree about the fact. Further, respondents show 15% who disagree and strongly disagree while 10% are neutral about the improvement in agribusiness trade with India. Analysis: The implication of the above survey in the interview of respondents discloses high number of participants who agree that the agribusiness trade will improve if done with the India. The reason behind the fact is that as India in many regions follows low cost of cultivation process and technology for the products as well as good quality products Australian agricultural sector can take training and adopt such low costing cultivation process. Moreover, agricultural sector in terms of cotton industry, jute industry, handloom industries, certain edible crops and oil seed crops are best producing products in India. Hence, the Australian agribusiness trade can be improved with the help of trading in India in some particular products for enhancement of the product quality and lower cost of produce. Qualitative data analysis Interview questions to 6 business persons in Australia Q1. What is your opinion regarding the agribusiness trade between Australia and India? Ans. In the answer of the above question, first two businesspersons in Australia stated that it will be profitable for them if they get such an opportunity of agribusiness trade between India and Australia. The 1st business person mentioned that there are some agricultural products like Lupins crops, canola crops are not that much available in India. The rate of farming of these products is low in India. However, there is demand of these types of crops in India. Therefore, if the agribusiness trade takes place between these two countries, then they can easily sale these crops in India and at the same time, they can get higher price of these crops in India than that of in Australia. At the same time, the 2nd businessperson added that there are different types of mangoes produced in Australia, which are not available in India that much. The businessperson also mentioned that the mango like Honey Gold is highly available in Australia during November to March, which is not the season for mango in India. Therefore, if the Australian businesspersons sale the mangoes at that time in India, it is expected that the business will be profitable. Therefore, from the opinions of the businesspersons 1 and 2, the scope for agribusiness trade between India and Australia is high. Q2. What is your opinion regarding the improvement of agriculture sector in Australia with the help of agribusiness between India and Australia? Ans. In response to this particular question, businessperson 3 commented that Australia could improve its agricultural sector by conducting the trade of agribusiness with India. The businessperson also added that there are many low cost techniques available in India those are very much effective for the improvement of agriculture in Australia. In support of this, businessperson 5 mentioned that as India is not that much advanced in using high-level technology in agriculture, they generally apply the easy, simple but effective techniques of farming, which are also good for the quality of products and for the quality of the soil. Therefore, if the farmers of Australia notice the techniques applied by Indian farmers for producing the crops and vegetables, then they can also improve the technique of farming with relatively lower cost. The businessperson 3 added that there are also some farmers in Australia those are poor and so for those poor Australian farmers, the Indian low cost farming techniques will be beneficial. However, in this context, businessperson 5 also mentioned that in India the farmers use many pesticides for producing high quantity of products, which need not to be adopted by the Australian farmers. Therefore, from the discussion with the businesspersons 3 and 5, it can be said that there are many opportunities of improvement of Australian agriculture if the agribusiness trade takes place between India and Australia. However, the negative things must be avoided. Q3. What are the critical issues that you think may arise during the agribusiness trade between India and Australia? Ans. According to the businessperson 6, there are many vital issues those may arise at the time of conducting the agribusiness trade between India and Australia. The businessperson especially emphasized on the issues like high cost of import and export of agricultural products. The businessperson also mentioned that the high cost of import and export also increases the price of the agro-products. In case of selling the products in India, it is must that the products should be low priced or within the affordable price for the common people. Here, the 4th businessperson added that most of the people in the country that is in India belong from the middle class, upper middle class and poor social class and at the same time, most of the people live at villages. Therefore, the affordability of these people is very limited. Therefore, the higher price of the Australian products will discourage the people to buy Australian products. However, from the point of view of the Australian farmers a nd businesspersons, if they do not sale the products at a bit high price, then the business will not be profitable for them. Hence, this will be the most vital problem. On the other side, both of the businesspersons mentioned that the political instability and internal violence are the other big issues those may create problem for the agribusiness trade between India and Australia. At the same time, the 4th businessperson also mentioned that the internal political violence in India is very high, which may create major trouble for the agribusiness trade between the two nations that are India and Australia. Therefore, from the point of views of the 4th and 6th businesspersons, it can be said that there are many critical issues those may come during the agribusiness trade between India and Australia and so both of the countries need to take proper steps to handle the problems in efficient manner. Summary From the analysis in this particular chapter of the study, it has been identified that there are much opportunity of agribusiness trade between India and Australia. Though there are also some issues those may arise during the trade. However, the improvements of the agricultural sectors of both the countries will also take place with the help of this agribusiness trade. Conclusion The main objective of the research study is to understand the current agribusiness opportunities present between two nations- India and Australia. The study focuses the trade opportunities, value chain analysis, and scope of the newly emerged agricultural products and the changing nature of agribusiness environment that is good for the relationship of these two nations. The entire research project is based on secondary research data and the data collection as well as analysis part revolves around this. Because of restricted supply and low quality in nearby markets in India, the long separation transport of new vegetables into the locale build the expense to customers. Inside Indian large portions of the vegetable cultivators are little scale with less than 1 hectare of blended cultivating frameworks. Regularly the agriculturists do not have the capacity or are not in a position to arrange costs with the gatherers and brokers because of constrained information of current business sector costs and dealer edges. It has also been distinguished that store exchange reliably furnishes agriculturists with the most noteworthy returns when contrasted with offering through authorities and dealers, which infers that more help ought to be given to forestry as far as assortments, quality control and post harvest abilities so as to partake all the more completely with markets and sustenance preparing facilities. Both Indian and Australian government additionally trusts that a shorter advertising chain would progress pay to agribusiness and diminish expenses to customers (Raj, 2014). It is as of now advancing the foundation of green cooperatives which can possibly decrease showcasing costs. Cooperatives tend to be ineffectively overseen in spite of the fact that and agriculturists have constrained confidence in them unless they are very much overseen. Rising salaries and urbanization and higher interest rates in the workforce has prompted an adjustment in the organization of nourishment interest and an expansion in the improvement of the prepared sustenance segment, for example, prepared to eat, and prepared nourishments, which incorporate vegetables. This has created close by new market channels, for example, the ascent of the grocery store segment (Purves, Niblock Sloan, 2015). Be that as it may, the rise of cutting edge retailing has other results that go past customers. It requires profound combination with agriculturists and can impact the generation, exchange expenses at ranch level. It can likewise impact the circulation of worth among various specialists required in generation, intermediation, and retailing. However, in order to identify whether the aim of the study has been properly achieved or not, the findings of the study have been linked with the research questions. The linking of the research questions with the research findings are stated below: Question 1: What are the main products, which have developed the agricultural opportunities between India and Australia? The answer of this particular research question can be identified in the analysis of the findings of the primary data in data analysis and findings portion of the study. The answers given by the Australian farmers and the businesspersons during the interview have indicated that the country that is Australia has a great opportunity to do agribusiness trade on the products like, mango, fruit and nuts, canola, lupins crops. These agricultural products are not that much available in India and so if Australia exports these products to India then it can be a profitable business. On the other side, the literature review of the study has also identified that presently, the country that is Australia is successfully trading on mango, cucumber, grapes and onion. This means there are also the opportunities of export these products to India during the agribusiness trade with the same country. Therefore, the most important agricultural products in Australia those have developed the agricultural opportunities between India and Australia are - mango, fruit and nuts, canola, lupins crops, cucumber, grapes and onion. Therefore, the first question of the research has been solved by the findings. Question 2: What is the chief reason behind the huge demand of mangoes in India? In the answers given by the businesspersons in India, it has been understood that the timing of producing mangoes in India and Australia is different. Therefore, from the Australian point of view, it can be said that as between the time that is between November to March, mango is not produced in India, there is more opportunity to export or sale mango within these five months. At the same time, the businesspersons of the country that is Australia also mentioned that the quality of the mangoes those are produced in Australia those are much higher quality, which are not available in India. The literature review of the study has also stated that mango is one of the main products those are exported from Australia to India, which again indicates that there is a demand of Australian mango in India. Therefore, from the above, it can be said that Australian mango is in high demand in India because of the time factor and better quality of mangoes. This means the answer of the second research question has been obtained. Question 3: Which nation has developed more in agricultural section? The findings in the primary research has identified that Australia is advanced in agriculture because of the use of advanced technology in agricultural sector. The use of machineries is more in Australian agricultural sector. However, the answers given by the businesspersons in Australia have indicated that there are also some low cost techniques those are applied by the Indian farmers. These techniques are of low cost but these are much effective in agriculture. However, the research findings have also mentioned that the use of pesticides is much in India and in case of Australia, the use of pesticides is very limited because of health consciousness of the Australian people. The literature review of the study has also indicated that Australia is more developed than India in case of agriculture. Therefore, it can be said that the research findings and literature review became successful in identifying the answer of research question 3. Question 4: What are the chances of even more increase in the agribusiness between India and Australian? The research findings have identified that the chances or opportunities of agribusiness between India and Australia is more and it can be increase further in the future days. There are many scopes of improvement of the agricultural sectors of both the countries if the agribusiness trade takes place between them. On the other side, the Literature review of the study has also mentioned or indicted the same thing. Therefore, the answer of the fourth research question has been obtained. Recommendation The recommendations of this study are as under: Focus on cost advantage strategies: The farmers of Australia must focus on the strategies of achieving the cost advantage. With the help of these strategies, the farmers will be able to reduce the overall cost of the production and by that they will be able to sale the products in India at a lower price. This will help them to attract the Indian customers. Try to adopt the low cost techniques: The Australian farmers must try to adopt the low cost techniques applied by the Indian farmers. These low cost strategies will help the Australian farmers in lowering the cost of farming. Focus on fishery, forestry and rubber industry: The growth of the fishery, forestry and rubber industry in Australia is poor. Therefore, the government and the farmers in the country must try to improve the present condition of these three agricultural sub-sectors. References Agriculture.gov.au. (2016). Home Annual report 201415. 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